Gender Segregation in the Swedish Labour Market Essay

Introduction Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries are widely known for their strong commitment to equality between men and women. During the development of the welfare state the government supported women’s participation in the labor market. This resulted in a high rate of female employment in Sweden today. Regarding this, it is striking that the Swedish labor market has one of the highest degrees of gender segregation in the world and considerable gender inequalities. The roots for this segregation can be seen in the growing welfare state with women starting to work overall in the public and service sector in areas like health care and child-care while men still dominated in the private sector. Policies for women’s integration and several other government measures to desegregate the labor market were implemented and performed in the last years. However, today the gender segregation in Sweden is still at a higher level than in the majority of the other countries in Europe. Th is paper offers an analysis of the Swedish labor market regarding gender with an economical perspective. Occupational Gender Segregation Gender Segregation is one of the most discussed topics in Europe especially in Sweden. The segregation that will be analyzed in this paper can be seen as a result of multidimensional process which is manifested in differences in gender patterns of representation within occupations as well as within different employment contract groups and employment status (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf , p. 2). â€Å"Gender segregation means that women and men to a certain extent work in different occupations or in different sectors or under different contractual terms and conditions† (ibid p. 2). The gender-based occupational segregation is both the â€Å"tendency for men and women to be employed in different occupations†, which is the horizontal segregation and the tendency to be employed in â€Å"different positions within the same occupation or occupational group†, the vertical segregation (http://ilo-mirror.library.cornell.edu/public/english/suppo rt/publ/pdf/women.pdf#page=198, p. 191). To measure segregation, the Index of Dissimilarity (ID) is most widely used in the research literature and also in this paper. Its value ranges from 0, which is â€Å"no segregation with equal percent of women and men in each and every occupation† to 1, which is â€Å"complete segregation with female workers in occupations where there are no male workers† (idib., p. 196). It is important to include a discussion of division of work in the households when looking at gender segregation. In Scandinavian countries a two-bread-winner model is the norm with subcontracted work in the households. At the same time, the former typical women’s household work like caring for children, elderly and disabled people was and is more and more taken over by the public sector. This expanding public sector leads to new employments for women and has an impact on the gender segregation which is also worth to be examined (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf , p. 2). Facts and figures Sweden has one of the highest female employment rates and a high female education level. At the same time, data indicate that Sweden’s gender segregation is decreasing in the labour market, but still at a high level (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf, p. 4). While the gender segregation for the European Union as a whole is still relatively high, the Mediterranean and eastern countries have a rather low segregation in comparison to the high-segregated Nordic countries (http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4028&langId=en, p. 7). A closer look on the Swedish labour market reveals that, especially in the private sector, women are under-presented in jobs at a higher level and they usually have lower positions. Instead a great number of females is employed in the public sector and working part time. Moreover, women still perform two third of all their unpaid work at home (Gender equality and occupational segregation in Nordic labour markets, p. 190). In 1992 one half of all employed female employment worked in the public sector. Whereas, men employment was represented with one-quarter. In general, the labour force participation of women in Sweden is quiet strong. Already in 1990, female participation was at a level of 49,5% in comparison to lower levels in North America (45%) and to other European Countries (39% Gender equality and occupational segregation in Nordic labour markets, p. 194f.). Research proves that Sweden has a relatively high level of occupational segregation by sex. Although the ID decreased from 0,731 in 1970 to 0,641 in 1990, it is still higher than in other countries. The U.S.A. had an ID of 0,55 in 1990 and France 0,60. Furthermore the average of 14 non-Nordic OECD countries was 0,55 (idib, p. 197ff.) A later study of 15 EU members in 2000 shows the same tendency. It ranked Sweden on the second place after Finland according to the ID segregation index (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf, p. 32) Further research indicates a proportion of females in female-dominated occupations, which is relatively and absolutely high in comparison to the rest of the European countries except for Norway and Finland, which show a similar labour market structure as Sweden. While the percentage of female employments in occupations with more than 70% females decreased slightly from 72,9% to 69,2% from 1970 to 1970, the proportion of females employed in occupations with more than 90% female dominance even increased in these years from 37,5% to 42,2%. This female dominance is not typical for the rest of Europe. In 1990 the other 14 OECD countries had a percentage of 22% in the occupations with more than 80% females. This is significantly lower than the 58,2% in Sweden (idib, p. 199ff.) The examination of male employment in male-dominant occupations shows similar numbers. This result is, however, not atypical as Sweden is accompanied by the other OECD countries concerning this male dominance (idib, p. 202f.). More recent findings indicate that the female dominance in the public sector is still high. In 2000 the proportion of women’s employment in Sweden’s public sector was 62,1% in comparison to the EU average of 42,7% (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf, p. 28) â€Å"Female† and â€Å"male† occupations Due to the gender segregation some jobs are female dominated and others are known as typically male. The table shows the 10 most â€Å"feminized† occupations in Sweden (idib, p. 204). The occupations are associated with either caring, manual dexterity or are related to the typical household-work. On the first place rank â€Å"Dental assistants and other health workers†; in the second place come â€Å"Telephone switch board operators, etc.† and third are â€Å"House keeper in private service, childcare in families and at home†. Still male dominant are technical occupations like chemists and physicists in comparison to female laboratory assistants. Furthermore, typically female occupations can be found in the nursing and teaching area. However, the number of females in teaching decrease according to the rising level of teaching: 96% of pre-primary teachers are women in Nordic countries, but only 30% are female university teachers. Moreover, in the Nordic countries the same as in industrialized countries in general, women are over-represented in the service area (idib., p. 206ff). Vertical Segregation and wage inequalities Women in Sweden are concentrated in lower-paid and lower-status occupations. For instance only 40% of the shop managers are female, whereas 75% of the shop personnel are women (idib., p. 209). Furthermore, in 2000 women in higher level jobs as share of all women in employment was only 20,8% (http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf, p. 27). Gender gap in earnings can be seen as a consequence of segregation. However, in Sweden the gap is lower than in other countries. While Sweden created many occupations in the public sector, the wage differences were compressed due to a huge influence of union federations and employer associations. Also laws have been established to secure equal pay for equal work. For this reason, the women forced into particular jobs do not earn much lower wages than men and the high level of gender segregation goes along with a relatively low wage gap (http://books.google.de/books?id=-7umiJpO_zIC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=gender+segregation,+sweden&source=bl&ots=WME1izrf2g&sig=qxVvzUAEWzaeMrf4qVXbQatotHQ&hl=de&ei=9KL7TKP4HM_sOcaEndUK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=gender%20segregation%2C%20sweden&f=false, p. 20f.). In fact the gap between earnings is significantly smaller in comparison to other countries. In general women’s wages are relatively high, but still lower than men’s. This is also due to many women working in the public sector where the wages are lower than in the private sector. Another analysis by the European Comission in 2002 shows the women’s wages as a percentage of men’s. In typical male occupations like engine man, skilled or garden worker women earn only 95% to 98% of men’s wage. However, inequalities also exist the other way round. In typical female occupations like nurses or child minder men earn less than women. Women earn up to 105% of men’s wage. It can be stated that differences and inequalities exist, but concerning the wages they are not significant (http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4028&langId=en, p. 80). Impact of increasing female employment on gender segregation The development of the last centuries in the European Union (15 members) does not show a trade-off between increasing segregation and increasing female employment. However, with focus on the short and medium run or with cross country comparison the opposite was found: In particular in the 1990s, there is evidence of a positive correlation between high female employment rates and gender segregation in the labour market on a more or less temporary basis. These study results were also due to the nordic countries including Sweden with their high degree of segregation and high-employment. One reason for this is the common Swedish family which has two breadwinners. With both parents working it is usually the woman who has to work in a â€Å"family friendly occupation† with flexible schedules. For this reason, the positive effect of rising women’s employment in order to drive desegregation may only exist in the long term. (,http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/cete/papers/dp0302.pdf p. 3, http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4028&langId=en, p. 35ff.). Government measures Concluding remarks and preview Segregation is not only harmful and discriminating for the people affected by it, but it is also undesirable in high developed and progressive societies. Also the efficiency of the labor market as a whole can be affected negatively. It is highly reasonable that Sweden and the EU take measures to improve equality in the labor market. However, segregation also has a positive side. Some argue that it protects women’s employment from male competition and upholds demand for female labor. The public sector also offer more secure employment especially between 1992 and 1994. This advantage for women is now diminished due to reorganization of the public sector. (Gender equality and occupational segregation in Nordic labour markets Von Helinà ¤ Melkas,Richard Anker,International Labour Office, p. 191).

Children s Eating Habits And Weight - 1088 Words

Household income also shows associations with food availability and indirectly influences children s eating habits and weight (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Mei et al., 1998). Between 1977–1978 and 1987–1988, lower income households reduced their vegetable consumption by 22%, as compared to only a 12% reduction among the highest income households (Lutz, Blaylock, Smallwood, 1993). Collectively, these findings suggest that healthy foods are expensive and require more time to prepare. Dual-worker or single parent households may not have the time to prepare healthy meals and low income families may not have reliable sources of income to regularly provide healthy foods. Thus, although food availability in the home sets the stage for children s food intake and eating habits, food availability itself is affected by parents time and income. s from a variety of disciplines (e.g., pediatric nutrition, epidemiology) demonstrate that childhood obesity is not caused by one thing; rather, obesity results from the interplay of multiple factors. For instance, family demographics (Mei, et al., 1998) parenting beliefs and practices (Birch Fisher, 1995; Johnson Birch, 1994), and child television viewing and physical activity (Anderson, Crespo, Bartlett, Cheskin, Pratt, 1998; Ross Pate, 1987) have all evidenced associations with behaviors that can lead to early obesity and with child obesity itself. The current study addresses these constructs in an ecological frameworkShow MoreRelatedStrengths Case Study1448 Words   |  6 Pagesand restraint have children whose weight gain is less. 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The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman - 964 Words

This semester in English class, I did a research essay on a very interesting story and a presentation with a wonderful group of classmates. The research paper assignment was challenging like any other research essay, however I did learn from this experience. Reading scholarly articles was not easy at all. They were long and had many words I did not understand; it was actually the first time I had ever read scholarly articles. I choose the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman. The Yellow Wallpaper was a good story to write about because it was challenging and interesting. Writing a research paper could be challenging in so many level; it test your knowledge and skills. For example, having to fully understand the story and read more sources to back up your argument could be very challenging. My thesis in the story was, â€Å"The narrator was a victim of a patriarchal culture where women were not equally respected like a man; affecting her marriage, personal l ife and health condition†. I do not know if it is a strong one, but I think it is a good one. When I read the story I was so confused, I had to re-read the story over again a couple of times to fully understand the passage. I was surprised of how much I could actually write on a short story. As we were assign to read scholarly articles as secondary sources, I founded two of them powerful in supporting my thesis. The articles were â€Å"The Writings on the Wall† and â€Å"Too Terribly Good to Be Printed†. 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This short story took many years to be published, one publisher even wrote in a rejection letter to Gillman that stated â€Å"I could not forgive myself if I made others as miserable as I have made myself by reading this† (Stephens, 1997). The commentRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Gilman, presents as a feminist text written in protest to the treatment of women by a male dominated society. The story is told from the narrator’s perspective, a woman who’s name we never learn. A woman suffering from post-natal-depression who is prescribed the remedy of the day, a course of treatment known as â€Å"rest cure†, in which the sufferer is confined to bed and not allowed to partake in the activities of daily life. 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Birth Defects And Its Effects On Society - 1441 Words

Sean Moren Mrs. Bumgarner English I Honors 5 May 2017 Studies have been completed, showing that 10% of birth defects are caused by chemicals in industrial products.(Birth Defects and Environmental Causes. ) The chemicals in industrial products come from many things, however, food is one of the largest contributors to birth defects. Therefore, it is important that consumers understand how the industry s use of chemicals can affect one’s, health through their use of packing, synthetic chemicals, and the alternatives to chemical filled foods. People that work with plastic bottling plants and people who use plastics that are not BPA free have a chance to be harmed permanently. Being exposed to large amount of BPA can permanently harm†¦show more content†¦(Corbett)Polyurethane laminating, an adhesive for flexible packaging is easy and cheap to use as a sealant for food packaging. However, it can cause cancer if it react to the moisture in the food causing aromatic amines, which can be deadly. This adhesive is bad because it can react with the moisture for 41 plus days after it has cured, unlike other adhesives stop reacting seconds after being cured.(Corbett) There are many ways humans are exposed to chemicals in food, for example eating processed meats, drinking soda, eating foods with preservatives, or taking dietary supplements. Eating 50 grams or more of processed meats every day increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%. That is equivalent to about 4 strips of bacon of 1 hot dog. Red meat also increases the risk of colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer.(Simon)The lifetime risk of developing colon cancer is 5%. By eating processed meat, the risk of developing colon cancer would rise to 6%. Which is substantially larger than the normal 5%. (Simon) Meat is not the only food that has major health effects, soda has bad health effects too. Aspartame is a chemical that is used in soda as an artificial sweetener. It has many harmful effects to the human body even in medium intakes. Some of the many effects are blindness, impaired hearing, numbness of the limbs, atypical facial pain, headaches.(Gold) Aspartame does not just hav eShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol And Its Effects On Children856 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol plays a major role in today’s society. Everywhere we look, something is advertising alcohol. Alcohol is consumed for many purposes, whether it be for a celebration, out of boredom, or a way to relax. Alcohol has very damaging effects. Not only does alcohol cause self-inflicted diseases, but it harms unborn fetuses as well. Many women drink alcohol before they realize they are pregnant. One of the most severe effects alcohol causes an unborn fetus is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. 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Social Sustainability

Question: Discuss about theSocial Sustainability. Answer: Introduction: The social sustainability is the minimum comprehended of the distinctive methods for drawing nearer sustainability and reasonable improvement. Social sustainability incorporates social environment, the individual flexibility, and cooperation, the cohension of the group, medicinal services, and the upkeep of the peace (Colantonio, 2007). In any case, it has stayed inalienable hard to actualize because of its many-sided quality and because of the tremendous movement in believing that it is a procedure (Colantonio, 2009). The sustainability is normally comprehended to require an adjusted quest for three angle, natural wellbeing, social value and the monetary welfare. It is normally grounded on the moral responsibility to the prosperity on the contemporary populace as well as the prosperity and the improved chances without bounds era. On this paper, it will expound on this subject of social sustainability with a need to limit it to the different idea like the moral assets, and the moral sustainability on its significance. In addition, it will highlight on different theories in connection to this idea, the basis for the reception of the sustainability structure on the highlighted idea (Colantonio, 2009). This essay elaborates on the need to show how the ancient rarity can add to the practitioners information concerning sustainability. Ethical Funds The ethical asset alludes to a common asset in which the advantages managers settle on the speculation choices base on of some ethical code. Ethical asset is typically marketed to financial specialists who may have ethical complaints to specific organizations. Ethical funds may have positive or the negative rules that investment may illuminate on where to make ventures (Vallance, Perkins and Dixon, 2011). Ethical investing may once in a while be conversely with the socially cognizant investing, yet the socially cognizant subsidizes commonly make them overarch set of the rules, which is utilized as a part of the selecting of the portfolio, though moral investing brings a greater amount of customizes result. Ethical investing gives the ability to designate the capital toward association that are in accordance with their own perspectives, paying little mind to whether they depend on the ecological, religious or the political statutes. The financial specialists ought to know and to remem ber that ethics does not suggest to beat (Vallance, Perkins and Dixon, 2011). The ideal approach to begin on a moral arrangement is to record on the territories you plan to keep away from and where you need to see your cash contributed. Pros and Cons of Ethical Funds Pros Ethical Funds One of the advantage of ethical investors ensures the money invested is not put into the areas that are harmful or addictive. They ensures the investment is secure and the return are sure as compared to other methods of investment (Polse and Stren, 2000). Another pro of ethical fund is that it beats the market. This type of investment is beating the marker, an example I the Australian ethical small organization their trust is ten percent over the last year against 5.5% per annual of the other small ordinary index investment. Cons of Ethical Funds One of the disadvantage of ethical funds arise especially when one concentrate on the portfolio, especially on screening the potential investment, in order to match the one that follows ethical criteria. This tend to reduces on the options for the investment, this means you tend to end up with the investment that are substandard in mix since the idea that holds the trade is wrong. Another disadvantage is that many as a marketing ploy to grab any investment regard ethical investment; many do not believe there exists an ethical company. Additional, there is no clear definition for what ethical fund refers to (Polse and Stren, 2000). Many do not get the concept of ethical fund as some may only limit on the investments. Benefits of Ethical Funds One of the benefit of ethical fund is that it bring the feeling of good factor. Ethical investing has a huge emotional component. Individuals choose to follow an ethical investment strategy that let their feelings, in regards to how the workers should be treated, and how the corporation should treat their shareholders. Another benefit is that it compound on the effects of everyday choices. If an individual live that is strict in regards to particular belief system, ethical investing is one logical addition to enumerate on that system (Polse and Stren, 2000). Another benefit is that it helps an individual to decide on where to draw on the line. Sometimes it is difficult to find an investment that meet all the criteria, thus you have to decide what are the most important for you and what you are willing to compromise. Aspect that Constitute to Social Responsible Investing (SRI) The investors who are adopting the SRI strategies believe that their choices ought to be administered by financial aspects, as well as on the social issues (Littig and Grieler, 2005). This in this manner intends to avoiding the association that delivers the items or the administrations the financial specialists opposes, paying little mind to the business potential for the benefits. The financial specialists who keep up a SRI methodology may abstain from contributing on the organizations, which are identified with the liquor, betting or the weapons. In this manner, it implies they will just put resources into the organizations that can advance the working environment differing qualities, or the work to enhance the earth. Benefits, and Drawbacks and the Strategies of the SRI Just like all the other type of investment, there are tradeoffs, which comes from SRI. Those individuals who practice the SRI usually feel good especially when they know their investment choices are reflecting on their values (McKenzie, 2004). However, it is important to balance on these benefits with more limited choices regardless to the diversification of the portfolio. Some of the strategies that are used in SRI include the divesting from the organization that do not align themselves with their personal morals or the benefits or engagement. Features in Ethical Funds The moral subsidizing alludes to a methodology of subsidizing, which is viewed as both money related return and the social great to realize the social change. In the late times, the moral asset has been alluded to as manageable contributing which is a subset of the SRI on committing to make a cognizant social effect through the speculation (Dillard, Dujon and King, 2008). As a rule, the social dependable speculator typically empower the corporate practices, which advance purchaser security, the natural stewardship and the assorted qualities. The moral asset is one of the few related ideas and the methodologies which influence and at times administer, on how the benefit on the speculation portfolio are overseen .The moral asset may include the incorporation of the moral qualities, social and the natural contemplations towards the venture choice, instead of in light of choices that lay on the speculation (Dyllick and Hockerts, 2002). There are an entangling variable in admiration to th e moral speculation, which is a typical practice among the enormous foundations financial specialist to put resources into both the moral and the routine asset. Numerous apparently moral speculator are putting resources into some exploitative assets and moral ones. The rationale behind such a practice as pushed by the customary portfolio hypothesis would decrease on the danger of presentation. Theories and Concepts of Social Sustainability The theories of sustainability endeavors to organize and to incorporate on the social reaction to the natural and the social issues. The political model is the one that takes a gander at the social framework that acknowledges on the human pride. It is worried with the routes in which the neighborhood and the worldwide issues risk on the human poise, the model spotlight on managing the natural states of the human life (McKenzie, 2004). The utilization of the ecological equity and the municipal environmentalism give a system of this model towards the advancement of a moral financing venture. More profound systems inside the model like profound nature include more substantive dreams of the human great. Conclusion Social sustainability involves to the ability to keep up some substance, result, and procedures over a period. This idea is perfect with the amicable development of the common society, cultivating a favorable situation to the good living together of the socially and social various viewpoint while in the meantime reassuring the social reconciliation, with the change in the personal satisfaction for every one of the fragments. On the essay, has explained has touch on the issues of social sustainability focusing on ethical funding. Moreover, there was a need to look at the advantages, disadvantages and benefits of ethical fund. Lastly, there was a discussion on how ethical funds stimulate socially responsible investment strategies. References Colantonio, A., 2007. Social sustainability: an exploratory analysis of its definition, assessment methods metrics and tools. Colantonio, A., 2009. Social sustainability: linking research to policy and practice. Dillard, J., Dujon, V. and King, M.C. eds., 2008. Understanding the social dimension of sustainability. Routledge. Dyllick, T. and Hockerts, K., 2002. Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability. Business strategy and the environment, 11(2), pp.130-141. Littig, B. and Grieler, E., 2005. Social sustainability: a catchword between political pragmatism and social theory. International journal of sustainable development, 8(1-2), pp.65-79. McKenzie, S., 2004. Social sustainability: towards some definitions. Polse, M. and Stren, R.E., 2000. The social sustainability of cities: Diversity and the management of change. University of Toronto Press. Vallance, S., Perkins, H.C. and Dixon, J.E., 2011. What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts. Geoforum, 42(3), pp.342-348.

Logitech Case free essay sample

In a world without trade, what would happen to the costs that the American consumers would have to pay for Logitechs products? 1. American consumers would pay significantly higher prices in a world without trade, but at the same time they would save their jobs. When production of computers shifts to low cost locations, critics argue that the U. S. economy would suffer. However, as the research later shows, the opposite is true, in principle at least. As a result from the lower cost productions supporting new investments in the industry, prices of computer hardware decline. Promotion of computers through the U. S. market is fast, which allowed companies to use computers to their operations and increase productivity. In a world without trade production, assembly, resources, and sale of their products would all have to be conducted in the US, where cheap labor and assembly don’t exist (unless you hire illegal immigrants, that is). We will write a custom essay sample on Logitech Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, due to the globalization in the production of information technology, the prices of several products declined, and reached businesses and households faster. In addition, it caused growth in two related industries: computer software and services. QUESTION 3: Use the theory of comparative advantage to explain the way in which Logitech has configured its global operations? Why Theoretically, the differences in labor, capital, technology, education, talent, natural resources, etc. , create a comparative advantage that is essential to the cheap manufacturing of some goods. In this manner components are procured from or manufactured in any part of the world (outsourcing is a key component of economic growth in many developed nations) where they are produced at acceptable prices, and ultimately assembled at specific location abroad at the best cost for the producer. Porter’s diamond of competitive advantage theory suggests that firms like Logitech should lobby governments in order to adopt policies that make their growth easier. QUESTION 4: Who creates more value for Logitech the 650 people it employs in California and Switzerland, or the 4000 employees in its Chinese factory? What are the Clearly, free trade is beneficial to corporations and consumers (in principle). Fee trade is beneficial because labor costs can be substantially lowered. The employees in Fremont, California (450 employees) and Switzerland (200 employees) create more value, while the ergonomic design for Logitech takes place in Ireland. The final products are manufactured in China by 4,000 employees. QUESTION 5: Why do you think the company decided to shift its corporate headquarters from Switzerland to Fremont? The headquarters were moved because of the company’s global marketing, finance, and logistics operations. Probably, Logitech moved from Switzerland to Fremont because it is a more cost-effective location (closer to technological innovation, skilled, dynamic engineers and programmers) for their production of computer peripherals. Moreover, U. S. specializes in RD. To what extent can Porter’s diamond help explain the choice of Taiwan as a major manufacturing site for Logitech/ There are four parts to Porter’s diamond in Taiwan: factor of endowments consisted of a science-based Industrial Park in Hsinchu. The demand conditions included the previous training of the Taiwanese in technology.

A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Essay Example

A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Essay Example A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Paper A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Paper A Pure, High Note of Anguish By Barbara Kingsolver ENGL102 Vulnerability Paper October 25, 2011 Tammy Easler A Pure, High Note of Anguish â€Å"A Pure, High Note of Anguish† by Barbara Kingsolver is an essay written right after the September 11, 2011, attacks. Like many of us, Kingsolver felt a need to DO something, but did not know how to help. She decided to address some of the questions that were on everybody’s mind. One of these questions was ‘why were those children dancing in the street? ’ America and the American attitude of ‘our way is the only way’ have created resentment in many countries and cultures around the world. The children dancing in the street were showing the growing consensus that America finally got what it deserved. America has not felt the effects of war on her soil since the late 1800s, with the exception of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Yes, we have lost military men and women, but from a great distance from our home towns. We see names in the paper of fallen heroes, and clips on television of war-torn villages, but it does not feel real. The full impact of what war is did not hit home until it actually ‘hit home’. We were not prepared to see our buildings attacked or our citizens killed while going about their daily lives. We were numb with shock that this could happen to us. How dare they attack us on our own country! We are America! We attack other countries; we drop bombs and destroy other villages. But we do it to save people; to bring democracy to all those other countries that are doing it all wrong. Kingsolver states that â€Å"Some people believe our country needed to learn how to hurt in this new way,† (p. 461) and that â€Å"†¦many people before us have learned honest truths from wrongful deaths. † (p. 461) Europeans learned this lesson in WWI and WWII. Korea, Vietnam, and the Middle East have all lived with the fear and anger generated by another country, usually led by Americans, which do not agree with their politics or religion. Watching their buildings get blown up, their men, women and children shot in their homes, and tanks rolling down their streets are a common occurrence. America has finally gotten a taste of how it feels to really be at war, up close and personal. Americans see children dancing in the street because we were attacked and thousands of lives were lost and we are horrified at their attitude. Don’t they realize innocent people were just killed? Of course they do. They’ve witnessed it day in and day out in their own streets for years. They know that America is finally paying its dues for all the destruction and devastation it has dealt out. Kingsolver says â€Å"Surely, the whole world grieves for us right now. And surely it also hopes we might have learned, from the taste of our own blood, that every war is both won and lost, and that loss is a pure, high note of anguish like a mother singing to any empty bed. † (p. 461) For the first time since Pearl Harbor, Americans are feeling a sense of vulnerability. Foreigners are looked at with suspicion, especially Middle Eastern looking people. We pay more attention to the sound of a plane flying overhead. We are more aware of the people around us on the subway, train or airplane. We’ve let the government strip away many of our civil rights in the name of national security. The rest of the world is praying that we will now see the true price of war. They are hoping we will think twice before we decide to bomb a coordinate on a map or send our soldiers overseas to fight another senseless battle with strangers we call enemies.